一、不定式的基本形式: to+動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可以省略to.?

二、動(dòng)詞不定式的特點(diǎn):

(1)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ).??

(2)動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ).動(dòng)詞不定式同它的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)可構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ).如: to read a book; to sing at the party.??

(3)動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,因此,在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ).?

三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ).即不定式直接跟在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后,是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞涉及的直接對(duì)象.如果沒有這個(gè)不定式,這個(gè)句子的意思就讓人難以理解. 能直接帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞主要有: want, like , love , need , try , ask , learn , begin , start , forget , remember, hope , wish , agree, choose , fail , refuse , decide , afford , offer , make sure , take turns , would like , plan , hate , try one’s best 等.

四、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ). 能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: ask , tell , get , order , would like , want , teach , show , allow , encourage , warn , wish , invite ,help等.??

五、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ): 即不定式直接跟在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后,僅對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞起一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用.如果沒有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作賓語(yǔ)那樣,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有著密切的關(guān)系.?????

特殊疑問(wèn)句:詢問(wèn)其語(yǔ)句中所缺失的部分,或者說(shuō),是要求得到暫時(shí)不知道的信息:什么,哪里,怎么樣,多少,等等。?

特殊疑問(wèn)句是提問(wèn)實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的(要求得到有實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容回答的,而不簡(jiǎn)單的回答是否)。特殊疑問(wèn)詞,就是用來(lái)代替句子中缺失的東西——你要詢問(wèn)的東西的。??

What?? +??? is it?????? Who??? +??? is your teacher??? 從這里也看到了,不管從語(yǔ)法角度,還是實(shí)際理解角度,如果單是后面的一般疑問(wèn)句,它是不完整的。??

特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)是:疑問(wèn)詞+ 一般疑問(wèn)句+-----?? 疑問(wèn)代詞? +一般疑問(wèn)句+???? 除who以外的疑問(wèn)代詞短語(yǔ)??? 疑問(wèn)副詞 ? ?

如:What do you want?(你要什么?)/ Who(m) are you looking for ?(你在找誰(shuí)?)/ Whose magazine is this?(這是誰(shuí)的雜志?)/Which class are you in?(你在哪班?)/ When did you get up this morning?(你今早什么時(shí)候起身的?)/ Where have you been?(你到哪兒去了?)/ Why did he go to bed so early?(他為什么這么早睡覺?)/ How did you go there?(你是怎么去的那兒?)?

非重點(diǎn),可以省略:但是,“who”引出的詢問(wèn)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)部分相關(guān)詞的特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)與陳述句詞序相同:

如:Who is dancing over there?(誰(shuí)在那邊跳舞?),Who dances best in your class? 班級(jí)里誰(shuí)跳舞最好?? 有時(shí)“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出與陳述句詞序相同的特殊疑問(wèn)句。

如:What is on the wall?(什么東西在墻上?/墻上有什么?)/ Which is yours?(哪個(gè)是你的?)/ Whose book is in your bag?(誰(shuí)的書在你的書包里?)(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí))