詞匯和語法是制約雅思寫作成績提升的兩個重要部分，因為在寫作的四項評分標準中，這兩項指標占據(jù)了半壁江山。詞匯需要我們平時的積累，今天就來說說語法部分，大家可能因為它的單調(diào)枯燥會忽略它，下面就從句子結(jié)構(gòu)層面展開探討。

　　1、 串句

　　串句是不用連詞或標點而把兩個(或以上)獨立的句子串在一起的錯誤表達。有些串句是不用任何標點間隔兩個甚至更多的句子;有些串句是在該用句號時濫用逗號，忽略了逗號本身沒有連接句子功能的原則。

　　No one can deny the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it。

　　There is a general discussion there days over education in many colleges and institutes, one of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study。

　　修改和避免串句錯誤的常見方法：

　?、儆镁涮柊言浞殖蓛蓚€獨立的句子;

　?、谟眠B詞連接兩個句子;

　?、塾梅痔栠B接兩個句子。

　　如：

　　No one can deny the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem, so the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it。

　　There is a general discussion there days over education in many colleges and institutes; one of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study。

　　2、 破句

　　破句是把不完整的句子當作獨立的句子來寫時發(fā)生的錯誤。

　　以下是常見的幾個破句的例子：

　　Students should be encouraged to take part-time job. Because it will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole。

　　點評：從屬連詞引起的破句。常見的從屬連詞有after,unless, even if, even though ,since , before , when (whenever)，because, if, who(whoever)，while, as (as if )， which(whichever)， although , so that, where(wherever)， until, that等。像because這樣的從屬連詞開頭的從句是不能單獨存在的，它依賴于另一個句子方能使意義完整，也就是說單獨的從句本身就是破句。

　　修改后：Students should be encouraged to take part-time job because it will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole。

　　A large number of people think that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Not realizing that a person’s education is a most important aspect of his life。

　　點評：分詞引起的破句。當分詞出現(xiàn)在一個短語或句子的開頭時常常會產(chǎn)生破句，而這樣的破句往往缺少主語或謂語動詞的一部分。

　　修改后：A large number of people think that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. They fail to realize that a person’s education is a most important aspect of his life。

　　International travel has given rise to large numbers of employment opportunities. For example, retail, hospitality and transportation。

　　點評：增加細節(jié)引起的破句。往往以下面的詞語開頭：for example, also, except, such as, including, especially, among, like。

　　修改后：International travel has given rise to large numbers of employment opportunities in retail, hospitality and transportation。

　　Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control. And also threatening to take already scarce city jobs。

　　點評：缺少主語的破句。用and之類連詞打頭的短語或句子居多，可通過使破句依附于前面的句子或加上主語的方式進行更正。

　　修改后：Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and also threatening to take already scarce city jobs。

　　3、 錯誤的平行結(jié)構(gòu)

　　所謂平行結(jié)構(gòu)，就是指兩個(或以上)意思并列的成份(包括單詞、詞組、從句和句子)在寫作時要用同等的語法形式表達，并保證邏輯上的一致，否則就破壞了其平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

　?、馘e誤的并列

　　In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built and which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment。

　　點評：and who/and which 結(jié)構(gòu)是考生所犯的錯誤中最常見但最嚴重的一種，因為它導致從句與主句間一種不合邏輯的關(guān)系。

　　修改后：In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment。

　　②一系列平行結(jié)構(gòu)上的不正確使用

　　Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, offers convenience and it is not very expensive。

　　點評：當詞或詞組被放在一個系列時，它們在意義上和結(jié)構(gòu)上必須都是平行的。

　　修改后：Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, convenient and inexpensive。

　?、坼e誤的省略

　　It is commonly thought that modern technology has and will dramatically change our society。

　　點評：這種錯誤在have/ has ,will, shall結(jié)構(gòu)中較為常見。

　　修改后：It is commonly thought that modern technology has dramatically changed our society and it will continue。

　　④邏輯上的不一致

　　The percentage of cancerous persons among smokers is significantly higher than non-smokers。

　　點評：使用than或as的比較形式，較容易出現(xiàn)不合邏輯的現(xiàn)象。

　　修改后：The percentage of cancerous persons among smokers is significantly higher than that among non-smokers。

　　雅思寫作所運用的語法知識基本都是中學所學的語法內(nèi)容，因此對于廣大考生，特別是語言基礎(chǔ)相對薄弱的考生，建議先對這些基礎(chǔ)語法內(nèi)容進行系統(tǒng)的復習，然后一定要動筆練習，通過老師的批改或者學習軟件，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己語法方面的漏洞，及時差漏補缺，做到表達正確并非難事。