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行時(shí)：They have been reading books for two weeks. 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：They will have been reading books for two weeks. （4） 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：She would have been thinking about it by the end of the year. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在和將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)：She has been thinking about it by the end of the year. 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：She will have been thinking about it by the end of the year. 本篇的練習(xí)到此為止，同學(xué)們都記清三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的用法了嗎？

弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. ⑵.若保留for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句, 或用在 how long 句型中,則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 常見瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系: come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open die------be dead close----be closed ???????????? become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on ??? put on----wear leave-----be away (from) ????????? fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over ??? catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army be a soldier join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member 例： They borrowed the book two weeks ago．他們兩個(gè)星期前借的這完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響，或是過去的狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+have/has +動(dòng)詞的過去本書。 → They have kept the book for two weeks． A month has passed since he left home. 他離開家已經(jīng)一個(gè)月了。 → He has been away from home for a month.? 注意：以下表示法的含義及用法 have been (to): 去過或到過（某地）（表示某人過去的經(jīng)歷） have gone (to)：去（某地）了 （現(xiàn)在可能已在某地） have come (to)：來（某地）了 （現(xiàn)在可能已在某地） have been in? +一段時(shí)間: 已在某地一段時(shí)間了? 例： He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到過杭州幾次了。 He has gong to Hangzhou, so he can’t help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能幫助我們。 He has come to our city. Let’s go to visit him. 他已經(jīng)到我們城市來了，我們?nèi)グ菰L他吧。 She has been in London for half a year. 她在倫敦已經(jīng)半年了。

同為完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)非常相似。不過歸根結(jié)底，只要弄清楚了時(shí)間點(diǎn)，就很好分辨了。 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到對(duì)于過去來說的將來的某一個(gè)時(shí)間。 基本形式：should/would + have + been + doing 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 基本形式：have/has + been + doing 表示過去某時(shí)間點(diǎn)開始的動(dòng)作或狀況一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能繼續(xù)或就此停止） 將來完成進(jìn)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí) 基本形式：shall/will + have + been + doing 表示某種狀況一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的時(shí)間。 例句對(duì)比： （1）杰克

行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。 　　They have been living in this city for ten years. 　　They have lived in this city for ten years. 　　他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。 　　I have been working here for five years. 　　I have worked here for five years. 　　我在這里已經(jīng)工作兩年了。 (四)大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。 　　I have been writing a book.(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)我一直在寫一本書。 　　I have written a book.(動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。 　　They have been building a bridge.他們一直在造一座橋。 　　They have built a bridge.他們?cè)炝艘蛔鶚颉?(五)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)過去行時(shí)。 　　I have known him for years.我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。 　　* I have been knowing... 　　這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有：love愛，like喜歡，hate討厭，等。

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成： 　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由“助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成的。 　　①助動(dòng)詞have/has可以與主語縮寫為’ve/’s。 　　e.g. I have → I’ve We have → We’ve He has → He’s It has → It’s 　?、谝?guī)則變化的過去分詞與動(dòng)詞過去式一樣。 　?、鄄灰?guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞過去分詞見表。 2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型。 　?、訇愂鼍淇隙ㄐ问健?　　e.g. I have had lunch. 我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。 　　He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 　?、陉愂鼍浞穸ㄐ问健?在助動(dòng)詞have

過去將來完成時(shí) 　　 形式 should / would have done sth. 　　 用法 　　 1、 過去將來完成時(shí)表示在過去將來某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，并往往會(huì)對(duì)過去將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。 I thought you'd have left by this time. 我想這會(huì)兒你已經(jīng)走了。 　　 He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock. 他告訴他們他會(huì)在8點(diǎn)以前干完。 　　 I guessed that Helen would have told her something. 我猜海倫會(huì)告訴她一些情況的。 　　 2、 過去將來完成時(shí)還常用在虛擬語氣中，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反。 想學(xué)好語法的同時(shí)全方位扎實(shí)英語？零基礎(chǔ)直達(dá)大學(xué)四級(jí) 零基礎(chǔ)直達(dá)大學(xué)六級(jí) 零基礎(chǔ)的你想變成商務(wù)英語達(dá)人？零基礎(chǔ)直達(dá)BEC商務(wù)英語中級(jí)

過去面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化，很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中的誤使。 1)　(對(duì))?Tom?has?studied?Russian?for?three?years.

行時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)?；拘问剑簊hould/would have been being done. 請(qǐng)看例句： 1. He said the trees would have been being planted on March 12th on the mountain this year by the students, because the school had already decided. 他說今年3月12日會(huì)有很多樹苗被學(xué)生種下，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校已經(jīng)決定這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)了。 2. She said that by the end of last weekend, the book would have been being read for 2 weeks. 她說直到上周末，這本書就已經(jīng)被讀了兩周了。 3. This topic would have been being considered for a month. 這個(gè)話題已經(jīng)被考慮了1個(gè)月了。 4. Tom's room would have been being cleaned. 湯姆的房間會(huì)被打掃。 5. The play would have been being performed for 2 hours. 這場表演會(huì)持續(xù)兩小時(shí)。 6. Up to that time those books had been being translated. 直到那時(shí)，這些書還在被翻譯。 7. The letter had been being written till two o'clock. 寫這封信寫到了2點(diǎn)。 由基本形式轉(zhuǎn)過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到對(duì)于過去換為被動(dòng)態(tài)還是挺簡單的，不過這里需要注意的是被動(dòng)態(tài)的形式為should/would have been being done。請(qǐng)不要和過去將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)would + have + been + done混淆。前者為持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，而后者并無持續(xù)性的意思。

, intend, plan, wanted 等一般過去時(shí)，后接不定式的完成時(shí);或它們的過去完成時(shí)接不定式的一般式，都可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望。如： 　　I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. —I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他來邀請(qǐng)我參加他的婚禮。 　　I intended to have joined their games. —I had intended to join their games. 我本打算參加他們的比賽。 ?