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過去完成時

過去完成時 用于描述過去某個時間點之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情。也就是“過去的過去”。 基本形式為主語+had+過去分詞。 一般過去時先看例句對比： （1） I did not have any money. 我沒錢。 I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. 因為我丟了錢包，所以沒錢。（先丟了錢包） （2） We were not able to get a hotel room. 我們不能進(jìn)到旅店房間里去。 We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance. 我們不能進(jìn)到旅店房間里去，因為我們事先沒預(yù)定房間。（沒預(yù)定房間這件事在前） （3） Alex finished his studies. 亞歷克斯結(jié)束了他的學(xué)業(yè)。 By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. 亞歷克斯結(jié)束他的學(xué)業(yè)的時候，他已經(jīng)在倫敦待了超過8年了。（先來到了倫敦） 怎么樣，是不是看出些什么了？過去完成時是不能獨立存在

過去完成時。 　　如：As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. 　　He did what he had been told to. 　　另：當(dāng)從句由after，before，when或assoonas引導(dǎo)時，主句和從句都可以用一般過去時。 　　如：When he arrived, he called her. 　　They locked the door before they left. 　　過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)用法區(qū)別： 　　現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)表示相對于現(xiàn)在來說已被完成的動作，過去完成時被動語態(tài)表示相對于過去某一時刻來說已被完成的動作。 　　例如：This polluted river has been cleaned. 這條被污染了的河流已被凈化。 　　析：該句表示到現(xiàn)在為止這條河流已被凈化。 　　例如：He said this book had been translated into Japanese. 他說這過去完成時的被動語態(tài)的概念： 　　過去完成時的被動語態(tài)是過去完成時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的疊合。表示過去本書已被譯成日語。 　　析：該句表示到他說話時所體現(xiàn)的時間為止這本書已被譯成日語。

將來完成進(jìn)行時和將來完成時的區(qū)別 將來完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)是：will+have+過去分詞；而將來完成進(jìn)行時行時強調(diào)動作過程在另一動詞之前的長度。而將來完成時更強調(diào)在另一件事前一個動作的完成。 　　如： 　　By the time John retires, James will have been practicing for 10 years. [cn]到約翰退休的時候，詹姆斯已經(jīng)在從事工作10年了。[/cn] 與這個句子有所區(qū)別： ? ? ? Before the time John retires, James would have retired. [cn]在約翰退休前，詹姆斯就已經(jīng)退休了。[/cn] 　　2、動作本身就是連續(xù)的： 　　By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years. [cn]到了月底他在這里居住/工作/學(xué)習(xí)就滿十年了。[/cn] 與這個句子有所區(qū)別： ? ? ?By the end of the month, he will have worked for ten years. [cn]到了這個月底，他就已經(jīng)工作了

過去完成時(The Past Perfect Tense）：過去完成時表示過去某一時間之前完成

過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。例如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 3. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示“原本……，未能……”。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. ? 典型例題： The students ________ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ____ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D。 “把書忘在辦公室”發(fā)生在“去取書”這一過去的動作之前，因此“忘了書”這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when代表時間的一點，表示在“同學(xué)們正忙于……”這一背景下， when所引導(dǎo)的動作正在發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)過去完成時表示表示過去的過去。這個是大家在中學(xué)時期就知道的，今天，小編為同學(xué)們帶來了相當(dāng)豐富的與英語過去完成時行時。 ? 怎么樣，看完了小編給大家準(zhǔn)備的語法知識，有沒有感覺收獲頗多呢？喜歡就收藏起來吧~

在那所大學(xué)教書就滿20年了。 ? 三、間接引語與過去將來完成進(jìn)行時 在間接引語中，若主句為過去時態(tài)，則用于賓語從句中的間接引語則要把將來完成進(jìn)行時改為過去將來完成進(jìn)行時。如： I know by this time next week you’ll have been working here for 30 years. →I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years. She will have been teaching in this university for 20 years by this summer. →She told me she’d have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer. ? 怎么樣，看過去將來完成進(jìn)行時完了這篇文章，大家是不是對過去將來完成進(jìn)行時的用法有了初步的了解了呢？喜歡就趕快收藏起來吧~

過去完成時既可表示過去某個時間或動作之前所發(fā)生的事情，也可表示過去

過去將來完成進(jìn)行時表示動作從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到對于過去來說的將來行時，它所表示的是生活在這里的這一動作從過去某個時間開始已經(jīng)持續(xù)了很久，但是是否會繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，則要結(jié)合上下文來分析。 而過去完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)： She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考試之前一直患重感冒。 關(guān)于過去完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)還有以下幾點特別含義需要童鞋們在實際運用中加以關(guān)注： 1. 尚未完成： He had been editing the his book．（他沒有完成編輯書本） 2. 企圖： He had been studying the theories of this architecture．（他一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)這個建筑的建設(shè)原理) 3、未得結(jié)果： We had been studying what our enemy had said．（但我們不能理解） 3. 最近情況： He had been quarrelling with his wife.（近來） 4. 反復(fù)動作： He had been asking me the same question．（多次，常常） 5. 情緒： What had he been doing？（不耐煩）

行時外，有時其中的 would 也可能是情態(tài)動詞，具有情態(tài)意義，比較表示推測或猜想等。如： “What interesting job have you found?” Helen asked him; he knew she would have been thinking about it. “你找到什么有趣的工作啦?”海倫向他問道。他知道海倫一定會一直想這件事的。 二、過去將來完成進(jìn)行時補充例句 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時不是一個常用時態(tài)，一般語法書也講得到很少，所以能找到的權(quán)威例句也很少。為滿足部分高級讀者朋友的需要，我們特從“英國國家語料庫”中查了部分例句，供大家參考： ◇Latterly, they would have been reading Virgin books, watching Virgin videos and Virgin films. ◇New York was swathed in sunlight and the heat would have been stifling had it not been for a gentle easterly breeze blowing in from the Atlantic. ◇Maybe we, it may well be that you were with other people, I wonder what sort of things if you were in a condition of speaking, what sort of things you would have been saying to them. ◇Obviously no expense was being spared to make the night a success, and in different circumstances she would have been looking forward to it, but now, as silence settled over the car, she could feel herself growing tense. ? 怎么樣，看過去將來完成進(jìn)行時完了這篇文章，大家是不是對過去將來完成進(jìn)行時的用法有了初步的了解了呢？喜歡就趕快收藏起來吧~