完全倒裝:?又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語全部置于主語之前。此結構通常只用于一般現在時和一般過去時。

例如：

Here comes the bus!

部分倒裝:?指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前,而謂語動詞無變化。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。部分倒裝的情況比較多，這里介紹兩個在翻譯中經常使用的部分倒裝用法：

1.?only +狀語或狀語從句置于句首,句子用部分倒裝。

例1:

Only in this way can you solve this problem.

只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個問題。

2. not, not until…?，hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also) , neither… nor等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首,?句子用部分倒裝。

例子:

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

我剛到家就下起了雨。

Seldom do I go to work by bus.

我很少乘公共汽車上班。

Neither Peter wanted the responsibility, nor did his wife.

Peter不想承擔責任，他妻子也不想。

真題示例：

例1：

The manager never laughed；neither __________(她也從來沒有發(fā)過脾氣).

①易錯按漢語意思譯為：she never lose her temper

②易錯原因：不熟悉neither已經表達了沒有的意思，不知道neither應跟一個倒裝句

此題答案為：did she lose her temper

例2：

The witness was told that under no circumstances __________(他都不應該對法庭說謊).

分析：under no circumstances中否定詞no放句首，謂語必須部分倒裝

tell lie：撒謊 法庭：court

should he lie to the court / tell lies to the court

實戰(zhàn)演練：

1. If you don’t go to his birthday party next Friday, ?__________.

A. so do I??? ?????????????? B. so will I ??????????????????????? C. nor do I ????????????????? D. nor will I

2. By no means?__________?to our plan for the trip.

A. will she agree ?? B. she will agree ???? C. agrees she ?????????????? D. will agree she

3. She didn’t come to the party last Sunday. __________, she must have made the party more exciting.

A. If she came ??????????? B. Would she come ??C. Had she come ??D. Did she come

4. I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven. __________ that he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.

A. Then did I know ?????????? B. Only then I knew ?

C. Only then did I know ???? D. Only then knew I

5. His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV, but __________.

A. a little did he hear? ?B. little did he hear ??C. little heard he ??D. a little heard he

6. During the war,?__________ but also he lost his wife and his child.

A. not was his job in the lab taken away???? ????B. not only was his job in the lab taken away

C. not merely his job in the lab was taken away ?D. not just was taken away his job in the lab

7. I think this is the first time that we have met. __________?anywhere.

A. Before have we never seen each other ??B. Never before we have seen each other

C. Each other have we seen never before ???D. Never before have we seen each other

8. __________?these ancient buildings in this city are!

A. What perfectly protected ??B. How perfect protected

C. How perfectly protected?? D. What perfect protected

9.We have been on duty for four hours and?__________.

A. now comes your turn ?B. now does your turn come

C. now your turn comes? ?D. comes now your turn

10. __________?when we passed by its nest.

A. Up into the blue sky did the bird fly???? ?B. Up into the blue sky the bird flew

C. Up into the blue sky flew the bird ????????D. Flew up into the blue sky the bird

答案及解析：

1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5.B 6.B7.D 8.C .9.A 10.C

1. nor will I＝I will not go to his birthday party next Friday, either. if 引導說明將來情況的條件狀語從句，主句的時態(tài)應該是將來時態(tài)。

2. 表示否定意義的介詞短語在句中作狀語置于句首時，句子的主謂部分倒裝。這樣的介詞短語有：by no means, at no time, in no way, not in the least等。

3. Had she come＝If she had come。if引導虛擬語氣條件狀語從句，在口語中或非正式場合可以把if省略掉而改用部分倒裝。

4. only修飾句子的狀語（副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句）位于句首時，句子的主謂部分倒裝。

5. 具有否定意義的副詞如：little, seldom, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely等位于句首時，句子的主謂部分倒裝。

6. not only...but also連接兩個并列分句，且not only位于句首時，該分句主謂部分倒裝。

7. 否定副詞never before提前到句首時，句子用部分倒裝。

8. 句子中perfectly protected相當于形容詞作表語，因此感嘆詞用how。

9. 時間副詞now／then置于句首，其謂語又是come, go, begin等，這時應該用全部倒裝語序。

10. 表示方位的副詞及介詞短語置于句首，名詞作句子的主語時，句子的主謂用全部倒裝。

提醒：滬江四六級將考后放出2012年12月英語六級答案及真題下載