【考研真題】1995年閱讀4(1/2)
來源:滬江聽寫酷
2013-11-15 17:50
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本文是一篇關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)教育環(huán)境對人的性格的影響的教育學(xué)的文章。
A-type
A-characteristics
two-layer
B-type
Pheidippides
文中第一句有破折號。
本文是一篇關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)教育環(huán)境對人的性格的影響的教育學(xué)的文章。
A-type
A-characteristics
two-layer
B-type
Pheidippides
文中第一句有破折號。
Personality is to a large extent inherent -- A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the 'win at all costs' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: 'Rejoice, we conquer!'
性格在很大程度上是先天形成的——A型性格的父母會有A型性格的子女。但環(huán)境也一定對其有深刻的影響,因?yàn)槿绻偁帉Ω改竵碚f很重要的話,那它也可能成為孩子生活中的一個(gè)主要因素。
讓孩子吸收A型性格的一個(gè)地方是學(xué)校;學(xué)校,就其本質(zhì)而言,是高度競爭的機(jī)構(gòu)。很多學(xué)校采用“不惜一切代價(jià)獲取成功”的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并通過炫耀成績來估量孩子們是否成功。目前熱衷于讓孩子與同學(xué)競爭或與時(shí)間賽跑造成了一種雙重體制,在這種體制中,競爭性的A型學(xué)生在某些方面似乎比B型的學(xué)生要好。過分地?zé)嶂杂讷@勝會產(chǎn)生危險(xiǎn)的后果:記住,第一位跑馬拉松的費(fèi)迪皮迪茲在說完“歡呼吧,我們贏了”之后幾秒便倒地而死。