The year 2015 will have an extra second — which could wreak havoc on the infrastructure powering the internet.
2015年將會(huì)多一秒鐘——這會(huì)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施造成嚴(yán)重破壞。
重點(diǎn)單詞（易詞團(tuán)隊(duì)丁朝陽(yáng)老師主講）:
infrastructure ['?nfr?str?kt??]? n. 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
?{infra-, below 在下面+ -struct-, build建造+ -ure 構(gòu)成表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果之意的名詞} 又如：picture畫(huà), creature生物
At 11.59 on June 30, clocks will count up all the way to 60 seconds. That will allow the Earth’s spin to catch up with atomic time.
6月30日11點(diǎn)59分，時(shí)鐘會(huì)一直走到60秒，那會(huì)使得地球自轉(zhuǎn)趕上原子時(shí)間。
The Earth’s spin is gradually slowing down, by about two thousandths of a second per day, but atomic clocks are constant. That means that occasionally years have to be lengthened slightly, to allow the slowing Earth to catch up with the constant clock.
地球自轉(zhuǎn)逐步減速，以每天2/1000秒的速度，但是原子鐘是不變的。那意味著偶爾有年份會(huì)稍稍長(zhǎng)一些，來(lái)讓自轉(zhuǎn)減緩的地球趕上恒速計(jì)時(shí)器。
重點(diǎn)單詞（易詞團(tuán)隊(duì)丁朝陽(yáng)老師主講）:
constant ['k?nst(?)nt]? adj. 持續(xù)不斷的
? {con- < com-, completely完全地，表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)意的前綴+ -st-, to stand站立>不動(dòng)+ -ant (= -ent) 形容詞后綴,相當(dāng)于-ing }
But last time it happened, in 2012, it took down much of the internet. Reddit, Foursquare, Yelp and LinkedIn all reported problems, and so did the Linux operating system and programmes using Java.
但是上一次閏秒是發(fā)生在2012年，沖擊了一大片互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。Reddit，F(xiàn)oursquare，Yelp還有LinkedIn（領(lǐng)英），還有Linux操作系統(tǒng)和使用Java的程序都報(bào)錯(cuò)了。
The reset has happened 25 times since they were introduced in 1972, but the computer problems are getting more serious as increasing numbers of computers sync up with atomic clocks. Those computers and servers are then shown the same second twice in a row — throwing them into a panic.
自從1972年引進(jìn)閏秒這個(gè)概念以來(lái)，重置發(fā)生了25次，但是隨著電腦（和原子鐘同步）數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)，電腦的問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。那些電腦和服務(wù)器隨后連續(xù)顯示相同的兩秒鐘——而引起了恐慌。
重點(diǎn)單詞（易詞團(tuán)隊(duì)丁朝陽(yáng)老師主講）:
sync [s??k]? n.? 同步，同時(shí)? vt. 使同步? vi. 同時(shí)發(fā)生(= synch)
?{縮略自synchronization = syn-, same同一+ -chron-, time時(shí)間+ -ization (= -ize + -ate + -ion)}
If a computer is told to do an operation at the time that is repeated, for instance, the computer is unsure what to do. Or if an email is received in that moment, it could find its way in the wrong bit of the server.
舉個(gè)例子，如果一臺(tái)電腦當(dāng)時(shí)接到的操作命令操作重復(fù)了，電腦就不確定該怎么做了?；蛘呷绻菚r(shí)收到了一封郵件，服務(wù)器就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)報(bào)錯(cuò)了。
Last time, Google anticipated the problem and built a smart update, which it called “l(fā)eap smear”.? It modified its servers so that they would add a little bit of extra time every time they were updated, so that by the time of the leap second they were already caught up with the new time. It said when it laid out the plan in 2011 that it would use the same technique in the future, when new leap seconds are announced.
上一次，谷歌預(yù)料到了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，并巧妙搭建了更新，稱(chēng)作“l(fā)eap smear”。它更改服務(wù)器使得每回在更新時(shí)都會(huì)增加一點(diǎn)額外的時(shí)間，如此到閏秒的時(shí)候，他們已經(jīng)趕上了新時(shí)間。它說(shuō)當(dāng)2011年出臺(tái)了這個(gè)方案時(shí)，新閏秒到來(lái)之際的未來(lái)也能用到同樣的技術(shù)。
Leap seconds were initially added at least once a year, but have slowed since 1979. The US wants to get rid of them entirely, arguing that they cause too much disruption, but others have opposed the change.
閏秒起先一年至少增加一次，但是自從1979年來(lái)就放慢了。美國(guó)希望徹徹底底擺脫它們，并聲稱(chēng)它們引起了太多破壞，但是其他人反對(duì)此改變。
重點(diǎn)單詞（易詞團(tuán)隊(duì)丁朝陽(yáng)老師主講）:
disruption [d?s'r?p?n]? n. 分裂，瓦解> 破壞，毀壞
??? {dis-, apart 分開(kāi)+ -rupt, to break 打破+ -ion表示動(dòng)作、過(guò)程及其結(jié)果的名詞后綴}
Britain, for example, has said that the leap second should stay. Getting rid of it would mean the end of Greenwich Mean Time, which is measured by the sun and would no longer be accurate.
舉個(gè)例子，英國(guó)就表示閏秒應(yīng)該保留。擺脫了閏秒就意味著由太陽(yáng)測(cè)出的格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間的消亡，GMT也不再精準(zhǔn)了。
