中文“吃苦”登上紐約時(shí)報(bào) 揭秘中國(guó)崛起的奧秘
這些年來(lái)西方媒體上或直接或間接、或音譯或意譯引用的漢語(yǔ)詞是越來(lái)越多。近日,紐約時(shí)報(bào)知名的專欄作家Nicholas D. Kristof(中文名紀(jì)思道)發(fā)自北京的一篇文章就使用了一個(gè)純漢語(yǔ)詞來(lái)描述中國(guó)人和中國(guó)的崛起。這個(gè)詞是什么呢?
紀(jì)思道的這篇文章題為China Rises, and Checkmates,可譯為“中國(guó)崛起,將軍!”這么大的一個(gè)標(biāo)題,但內(nèi)容是從一個(gè)小女生的故事說(shuō)起的。文章這樣寫道:
If there’s a human face on Rising China, it belongs not to some Politburo chief, not to an Internet tycoon, but to a quiet, mild-mannered teenage girl named Hou Yifan.
如果讓一個(gè)人來(lái)代表崛起中的中國(guó),不應(yīng)該是某位政治局常委,也不是某位互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)大亨,而應(yīng)該是一名文文靜靜、舉止溫和、名叫侯逸凡的少女。
侯逸凡,5歲學(xué)棋,12歲躋身特級(jí)大師行列,16歲成為女子國(guó)際象棋冠軍;她是全世界最年輕的新生代棋后,是位“天才少女”。
紀(jì)思道在文章中描述了他和小姑娘下棋的過程,然后總結(jié)說(shuō):
Cynics sometimes suggest that China’s rise as a world power is largely a matter of government manipulation of currency rates and trade rules, and there’s no doubt that there’s plenty of rigging or cheating going on in every sphere. But China has also done an extraordinarily good job of investing in its people and in spreading opportunity across the country. Moreover, perhaps as a legacy of Confucianism, its citizens have shown a passion for education and self-improvement — along with remarkable capacity for discipline and hard work, what the Chinese call “chi ku,” or “eating bitterness.”
一些憤世嫉俗的人有時(shí)認(rèn)為中國(guó)之所以能夠崛起為世界大國(guó),主要是因?yàn)檎倏v貨幣匯率和貿(mào)易規(guī)則所致。的確,在許多領(lǐng)域都存在大量操弄和欺詐的行為。然而,中國(guó)在對(duì)人力資源的投資和在全國(guó)各地創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)方面也做得非常出色。此外,也許是儒家的傳統(tǒng),中國(guó)的公民們熱衷于教育和自我提高,同時(shí)展現(xiàn)出了異乎尋常的自律和勤奮工作的能力——中國(guó)人稱之為chi ku,即eating bitterness。
在這段話里,紀(jì)思道直接使用了拼音chi ku來(lái)表示“吃苦”,并直譯為eating bitterness,也就是自律加勤奮,discipline and hard work。在這位美國(guó)專欄作家看來(lái),侯逸凡本人就是個(gè)吃苦而成功的代表:
文章在最后一段為全文做結(jié)論時(shí),非常自然地再次使用了eating bitterness這個(gè)詞:
There’s a lesson for us as well. China’s national commitment to education, opportunity and eating bitterness — those are qualities that we in the West might emulate as well.
對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),這是一堂課。中國(guó)全民族對(duì)教育、機(jī)遇和吃苦的執(zhí)著,這正是我們西方人可以效仿的品質(zhì)。