科學60秒:有一種病可以消除偏見
來源:滬江聽寫酷
2011-04-08 16:21
文章較難,同學們聽寫填空即可~
People start stereotyping early. Even toddlers react positively to members of their own race, but often distrust those from different groups. ___1___ are planted in most everyone. Everyone, that is, except people with a rare genetic condition called Williams syndrome.
Williams syndrome ___2___ heart defects, mental retardation, and a lack of social anxiety that produces exceedingly friendly human beings. And a new study published in the journal Current Biology finds that children with Williams syndrome ___3___.
Researchers re-did previous social-bias experiments on 20 children with Williams syndrome and 20 control kids. The children viewed pictures of people of ___4___ races and genders and assigned negative or positive storylines to each picture. True to form, the control group preferred their own race and gender. The children with Williams syndrome, however, had no racial preference—although they still discriminated by gender.
The results imply a nuanced neural mechanism to stereotyping, the further study of which quote“may suggest ways of reducing ___5___ towards vulnerable or marginalized groups.”
People start stereotyping early. Even toddlers react positively to members of their own race, but often distrust those from different groups. ___1___ are planted in most everyone. Everyone, that is, except people with a rare genetic condition called Williams syndrome.
Williams syndrome ___2___ heart defects, mental retardation, and a lack of social anxiety that produces exceedingly friendly human beings. And a new study published in the journal Current Biology finds that children with Williams syndrome ___3___.
Researchers re-did previous social-bias experiments on 20 children with Williams syndrome and 20 control kids. The children viewed pictures of people of ___4___ races and genders and assigned negative or positive storylines to each picture. True to form, the control group preferred their own race and gender. The children with Williams syndrome, however, had no racial preference—although they still discriminated by gender.
The results imply a nuanced neural mechanism to stereotyping, the further study of which quote“may suggest ways of reducing ___5___ towards vulnerable or marginalized groups.”
The seeds of racism
is marked by
don’t make racial stereotypes
assorted
biased behavior
偏見自小就有,就算是踉蹌學步的小孩子也是對自己種族的人比較親昵,而對其他種族的人往往保持距離。幾乎每一個人身上都有種族偏見的種子在萌芽,不過患有罕見的威廉斯綜合癥的人們就另當別論了。
威廉斯綜合癥的特征是:心臟、智力存在缺陷,因缺乏社交焦慮而過分友好?!懂敶飳W》中的一項新研究發(fā)現,威廉斯綜合癥患兒無種族偏見。
研究人員再一次在20名威廉斯綜合癥患兒身上進行了一次測試社交偏見的實驗,并以另外20名正常兒童作為對照組。研究人員讓孩子們看各種族、不同性別人的照片,并讓他們給每張照片上的人編一段故事。對照組的孩子們一如既往地偏愛和自己同一種族、同一性別的人,而威廉斯綜合癥患兒盡管仍有性別偏好,但卻沒有種族偏好。
研究結果顯示出微妙的神經機制對偏見的影響,對偏見的進一步研究“很有可能有助于減少對弱勢、邊緣群體的偏激舉動”。