現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別
一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1、表示過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。(動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞)
China?has changed a great deal in the past 20 years.?
2、強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。(可以使用非持續(xù)動(dòng)詞)
Where have you put the dictionary? I can't find it anywhere.
3、表示反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性。常常與often, frequently及表示次數(shù)之類的詞連用。
I have watched him appear on TV several times.
?
二、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1、表示過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并在持續(xù)期間內(nèi)不斷進(jìn)行著。
I have been working for five years.?
It has been raining since last Friday.
2、表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。
Jim has been ringing John every night for the last week.
?
三、區(qū)別
1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作業(yè)已完成,而用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)談?wù)撐赐瓿傻膭?dòng)作。
I have painted this room.(I’ve finished painting it.)
I have been painting this room.(I haven’t finished painting it.)
2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)關(guān)注動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,尤其是談到數(shù)字或數(shù)量時(shí);而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)關(guān)注動(dòng)作本身,特別是解釋動(dòng)作可見的結(jié)果時(shí)。
He’s run three miles. (the result: He’s covered the distance of three miles.)
He’s been running for an hour. (the activity and its consequences: this is what he’s been doing for the last hour and why he is exhausted now.)
3、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作時(shí),不能同表示具體數(shù)字的詞并用。
I’ve posted a dozen postcards, but received none.
I’ve read this book several times.
I’ve been posting postcards since early December.
4、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)帶有較為強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。
You have been disturbing me.
5、許多狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能用完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
I’ve known that for a long time.?
The strike has lasted six months.
6、有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞用兩種時(shí)態(tài)都可以,但若強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度時(shí)用完成進(jìn)行時(shí)較好。
They have been working this term.
They?